Physical deterioration results from which of the following?

Physical deterioration refers to the loss of value or function of a property due to its physical condition deteriorating over time. This process is largely attributable to ordinary wear and tear, which naturally occurs as a result of regular use and exposure to the elements. Over time, factors such as foot traffic, weather, and general aging affect a property’s materials and systems, leading to the need for repairs and maintenance.

In this context, ordinary wear and tear encompasses the gradual decline of structural components, finishes, and fixtures that occur inevitably as the property is utilized. This contrasts with other factors, such as natural disasters, which can cause sudden and catastrophic damage, or changes in market demand, which influence a property's value based on external economic conditions rather than its physical state. Design flaws, while affecting the functionality and marketability of a property, do not directly relate to physical deterioration since they pertain more to the original construction or layout rather than the ongoing effects of usage over time.